Friday, March 2, 2018

Verbs

In the "non-past" (that is, the present and future), Russian verbs inflect (change) for Person and Number. There are two main conjugation types, called Type I and Type II, which are distinguished by the vowel used in the endings. Endings are added to the stem, which is generally the infinitive less the ТЬ ending.

(Thus, as for nouns, when we say we are "adding an ending" what we are doing is actually changing one, or replacing one - in this case, replacing the infinitive ending with the present-tense one.)

The textbook uses "Type IB" for verbs whose stems undergo a mutation (change) making them hard to detect in the infinitive.

The basic endings are -У -ЕШЬ -ЕТ, -ЕМ -ЕТЕ -УТЬ for Type I, and -У- ИШЬ -ИТ, -ИМ -ИТЕ -АТЬ for Type II. The У and A may be written as Ю and Я if the preceding letter is a soft consonant or another vowel, and the ET will be ËT if stressed

Verbs we have encountered so far:

InfinitiveЯТЫОН ОНА ОНОМЫВЫОНИ
Type I (regular stems)
читать readчитаючитаешьчитаетчитаемчитаетечитают
знать knowзнаюзнаешьзнаетзнаемзнаетезнают
изучать studyизучаюизучаешьизучаетизучаемизучаетеизучают
Type II
говорить talkговорюговоришьговоритговоритеговоримговорят
курить smokeкурюкуришькуриткуритекуримкурят
Type IB (irregular stems)
ехать go, rideедуедешьедетедемедетеедут
жить liveживуживëшьживëтживëмживëтеживут
звать callзовузовëшьзовëтзовëмзовëтезовут



Resources:
A web tool for conjugating verbs
From Master Russian, the 500 most common verbs fully conjugated: alphabetical list and list by how common they are
Russian Lessons.net's list of 36 common verbs in all their forms
Master Russian's lessons on verbs
Russian for Everyone's lessons on verbs
Andrey Zaliznyak's (rather complicated) Classification of Russian Verbs

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