Wednesday, April 4, 2018

Adjectives: Prepositional Case

Adjectives must agree in case with the nouns the modify.

The prepositional case endings are very simple. For masculine and neuter nouns, the ending is either ОМ for regular hard (ЫЙ) or those with stems ending in К (КИЙ) and for end-stressed (ОЙ), or EМ for everything else except the третий type which takes ЬЕМ. For feminines, it's either ОЙ for all hard endings or ЕЙ for soft ones, with ЬЕЙ for the третий type.

Note:
  • masculines ending in A take masculine adjectives though the nouns decline like feminines
  • the special locative in У still takes the regular adjectival ending (ОМ or EM).

Here are examples of the adjectival endings.

1. Masculine and Neuter nouns
санаторий о хорошем санатории about the good clinic
брат о большом брате about the big brother
чай о сладком чае about sweet tea
сад o красивом садe about the beautiful garden
герой o храбром герое about a brave hero
день о жарком дне about the hot day
папa о нашем папу about our Dad
порт в американском порту in an American port
дом о собачьем доме about the dog house

здание о високом здании about the tall building
имя об мом имени about my name
окно об открытом окне about the open window
море о синем море about the blue sea
утро о ранем утре about the early morning
письмо о третьем письме about the third letter

2. Feminine nouns
ночь о тëмной ночи about the dark night
вода о холодной воде about the cold water
армия об Красной армии about the Red Army
мать о доброй матери about the good mother
улыцa о соседнем улыцу  about the neighboring street
морда о лисьей морде about the fox's face

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